![]() ^ a b c Xu S, Ogura S, Chen J, Little PJ, Moss J, Liu P (2013).^ a b c Pirillo A, Norata GD, Catapano AL (2013).^ a b c "Entrez Gene: OLR1 oxidized low density lipoprotein (lectin-like) receptor 1"."Assignment of the human oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor gene (OLR1) to chromosome 12p13.1→p12.3, and identification of a polymorphic CA-repeat marker in the OLR1 gene". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. When applied to human macrophage-derived foam cells in vitro, the dietary supplement berberine inhibits the expression of the ORL1 gene in response to oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but this has not yet been demonstrated in a living animal or human. Mutations of the OLR1 gene have been associated with atherosclerosis, risk of myocardial infarction, and may modify the risk of Alzheimer's disease. But oxidized cholesterol from foods cooked at high temperature can also be a source of oxysterols. LDL oxidation occurs in the sub-endothelial space, rather than in the circulation. Macrophage affinity for unmodified LDL particles is low, but is greatly increased when the LDL particles are oxidized. Clinical significance īinding of oxidized LDL to LOX-1 activates NF-κB, leading to monocyte adhesion to enthothelial cells (a pre-requisite for the macrophage foam cell formation of atherosclerosis). This protein may play a role as a scavenger receptor. The binding of platelets to LOX-1 causes a release of vasoconstrictive endothelin, which induces endothelial dysfunction. Other ligands for LOX-1 include oxidized high-density lipoprotein, advanced glycation end-products, platelets, and apoptotic cells. Oxidized LDL induces endothelial cell apoptosis through LOX-1 binding. ![]() ![]() LOX-1 may be involved in the regulation of Fas-induced apoptosis. Normally, LOX-1 expression on endothelial cells is low, but tumor necrosis factor alpha, oxidized LDL, blood vessel shear stress, and other atherosclerotic stimuli substantially increase LOX-1 expression. The protein binds, internalizes and degrades oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Its gene is regulated through the cyclic AMP signaling pathway. LOX-1 is a receptor protein which belongs to the C-type lectin superfamily. But minimally oxidized LDL is more readily recognized by the TLR4 receptor, and highly oxidized LDL is more readily recognized by the CD36 receptor. ![]() LOX-1 is the main receptor for oxidized LDL on endothelial cells, macrophages, smooth muscle cells, and other cell types. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (Ox-LDL receptor 1) also known as lectin-type oxidized LDL receptor 1 (LOX-1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OLR1 gene. ![]()
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